§OºÙ |
¤j¤½±Ð·|¡þ¤½±Ð¡þù°¨¤½±Ð¡þRoman Catholicism |
·s±Ð¡þ§ó¥¿±Ð¡þ»}¤Ï±Ð¡þ§Üij©v¡þ§Üù©v¡þProtestantism |
¥¿±Ð¡þ§Æþ¥¿±Ð¡þEastern Orthodoxy |
©v¬£ |
- ù°¨¤Ñ¥D±Ð·|¡G¦³«Ü¦hªº·|¬£¡A¦ý¥¦Ì¤£¬O¥Ñ©ó©v±Ðªºª[¨£¦Ó¤Àµõ¡A¤D¬O¥Ñ©ó¬°¤Fºû«Ý¹ï¥~ªº¶Ç±Ð¨Æ·~¡A¦Ó¦¨¥ß¤F¦UºØªÀ¹Î¨ÓÄw¶Ò¦U¦¡°òª÷¡A±À®i±Ð°È
- ªF»ö¤Ñ¥D±Ð·|¡þ¦X¤@±Ð·|(Eastern Rite Catholic Churches¡þUnitas)¡G¬ù©ó16-17¥@¬ö¤§¶¡²æÂ÷ªF¥¿±Ð·|¦Ó¥[¤Jù°¨¤Ñ¥D±Ð·|ªº±Ð¬£¡A©Ó»{ù°¨±Ð¬ÓªºÅv«Â¡A¦ý¤£¨ü©Ô¤B»y¨tªº¤Ñ¥D±Ð·|¤§Â§»ö¤Îªk³W©Ò¬ù§ô¡C¨ä¤¤¤S¤À¬°§Æþ§¡B¦w´£ªü¡B¨È¾ú¤s¤j§¡B{°Ç©³¡B¨È¬ü¥§¨ÈªF»ö¤Ñ¥D±Ð·|µ¥
- «Dù°¨¤Ñ¥D±Ð·|¡G²Õ´¤W¤£¨üù°¨±Ð§Êªº»â¾É¡A¤À¬°¦Ñ¤½·|¡B§ï²¤Ñ¥D±Ð¡B¿W¥ß¤Ñ¥D±Ðµ¥
|
- «H¸q©v¡þ¸ô¼w·|(Lutheran)¡G«H¸q©vÁp·|¡B§½å·|(Rheinish)¡B±R¯u·|
- §ï²©v(Reformed Church)¡þ¥[º¸¤å©v(Calvinists)¡þªø¦Ñ©v¡Gªø¦Ñ·|(Presbyterians)¡þ²üÄõ§ï²±Ð·|(Reformed
Church of Netherlands)¡B²M±Ð®{(Puritans)
- ¸t¤½©v(Episcopal Church)¡þ¦w®æ©Ô¥Ì©v(Anglican Church)
- ´`¹D©v(Methodists)¡þ¬ü¥H¬ü·|
- ±Ï¥@x(Salvation Army)
- ®û«H©v(Baptists)
- ¦w®§¤é·|(Adventists)¡G°ò·þ´_Á{¦w®§¤é·|(Advent Christian Church)¡B¤W«Ò±Ð·|(Church of God)¡B°ò·þ´_Á{±Ð·|(Advent
Christian Church)¤Îì©l°ò·þ´_Á{±Ð·|(Primitive Advent Christian Church)
- ºÖµ¬£(Evangelicals)¡G«Å¹D·|¡B¤¤µØ°ò·þ±Ð·|¡B¼½¹D·|¡B¤¤°ê§G¹D·|
- ¤¦¯¸`©v¡þÆF®¦¬£(Pentecostal Churches)¡G¯«¥l·|(Assemblies of God)¡B¸t¼ä·|(Holiness)¡B¤W«Ò·|(Church
of God)
- ¨ä¥L¡G°òn¬£(Fundamentalists)¡Bªù¿Õ¬£¡B·|²³¬£(congregationists)
|
¥@¬É¦U¦a¦³15Ó¿W¥ß¦Û¥D±Ð·|(§g¤g©Z¤B¡B¨È¾ú¤s¤j¨½¨È¡BC¸ô¼»§N¡B«Xù´µ¡B¦w´£ªü¡B®æ¾|¦N¨È¡B¶ëº¸ºû¨È¡B¬ü°ê¡Bù°¨¥§¨È¡B¶ë®ú¸ô´µ¡B§Æþ¡B«O¥[§Q¨È¡B±¶§J»P´µ¬¥¥ï§J¡Bªüº¸¤Ú¥§¨È¡B¤ÎªiÄõ¥¿±Ð·|)¡A©¼¦¹§¹¥þ¥µ¥¡A¿í¦u¦@¦P©v±Ðªk³W¡C§g¤h©Z¤B³ù¤j¥D±Ð¨Ã¤£¤z¯A¨ä¥L±Ð·|¨Æ°È |
²¥v |
¤½¤¸325¦~¥l¶}¤F¥§¦è¨È·|ij¡A¨Æ·½©ó¦´Á°ò·þ¨â¤j±Ð¬£¡]°ß¤@¯«±Ð¬£Unitariansªº«Où±Ð·|¤Î¤T¦ì¤@Åé±Ð¬£Trinitariansªº¨Ï®{±Ð·|Apostolic
Church)ª§½×¤Fªñ¤T¦Ê¦~¡A·í®É¥D±Ð¶¡¤§ª§½×¤w¸gÂX´²¨ì¥¥Á¶¡¡Aù°¨±Ð·|©ó¬O±Ä¨úCatholic¡]·N¬°¡u´¶¥@©Êªº¡v¡^¤@µü¨Óªí¥Ü¨ä¼e®e©Ê¡C¥§¦è¨È·|ij¥Ñù°¨¬Ó«Ò§g¤h©Z¤B¤j«Ò¥D«ù¡A±N¨â¤j±Ð¬£¤§»â³S¤Î°ò·þ¦U±Ð¬£ªº¥D±Ð»E¶°¦b¥§¦è¨È¶i¦æÅG½×¡A¥H¨D¨ú±o²Î¤@¥ß³õ¡C³Ì«á¨M©w±Ä¥Î¤T¦ì¤@Åé§@¬°°ò·þ±Ð±Ð¸qªº°ò¦¡A¥¿¦¡©w¦W¬°¡u¥§¦è¨È«H±ø¡v(Nicene
Creed)¡A¥þÅé»P·|¤Hû·íµÛ¤j«Ò¤§±Ã±¦r¡C¦P®É§â²{¦³ªº270ºØºÖµ®Ñ¡]¤@»¡¬°¥|¤dºØ¡^³£©ñ¦b·|ijÆU¤¤¥¡ªº¤@±i¤j®à¤l¤U±¡A©R¥O©Ò¦³»P·|¤Hû¤@«ß°h¥X¤jÆU¡A¨Ã±NÆUªù¥[ÂêÃö°_¨Ó¡C©Ò¦³ªº¥D±Ð¹ý©]¬èë¡A½Ð¨D¤W«Ò±N¯u¥¿ªººÖµ®Ñ©ñ¦b®à¤W¡C²Ä¤G¤Ñ¦±á¡AÆUªù¥´¶}«á¡Aªü©Z¨º×´µ±Ð¬£ªº¥|¥»ºÖµ®Ñ¾ã»ô¦a©ñ¦b®à¤W¡C¾ú¥v¨ÃµL°O¸ü·í±ß¤jÆUÆ_°Í¥Ñ½Ö«OºÞ¡A¦Ó¨ä¥L³Ñ¤UªººÖµ®Ñ³£±x¼ÆµI·´¡A¥H«á¤Z«ù¦³¥¼¸g³\¥iªººÖµ®Ñªº¤H§¡§P¦º¸o¡Cµ²ªG¦b·|ij¨Mij«áªº¼Æ¦~¶¡¡A°ò·þ®{³Q±þ®`ªÌ¼Æ¹O¦Ê¸U¤H¡A¥ç²Î¤@¤F¦´Áªº°ò·þ±Ð¬£¡C |
°_·½©ó¤Q¤»¥@¬ö°¨¤B¸ô¼w¦b«Âµn³ù°v¤W¥Lªº¡u¤E¤Q¤±ø¡v¡A¥L·í®Én¨D¤½¶}°Q½×¡A¨S¦³¤Ï¹ïù°¨±Ð·|ªº·N¹Ï¡A¦ý¬O¥L´£¥Xªº½è°Ý¡Aª½±µ«Â¯Ù¨ì·í¦a³Ì¤j°]»Ö©M¦a¤è±Ð·|¦bÅ«¸o¨÷ªº¦¬¯q¡A³Q¿E¯P¤Ï¹ï¡AÁÙ¨S¦³¾÷·|µªÅG´N³Q¥´¦¨¤Ï¬£¡Aµ²ªGn°k¤`¡C
©¹«á¡A¥Lªº¥D±i¦b¼Ú¬wIJµo§ï²®ö¼é¡A쥻¤£º¡Ã¹°¨±Ð§Êªº¦a¤è¤]°_¨Ó§ï²¡A·ç¤h·O¹B²z¡]Ulrich Zwengli¡^ì·Q©M¸ô¼w¦X§@¡A¦ý¬O¥L̦b¸tÀ\§»ö¤W±µLªk¹F¨ì¦@ÃÑ¡C¨â¤H¤À¹D´Åß¡C¦Óªk°êªºÅý¡D¥[º¸¤å¦bµoªí¡m¹w©w½×¡n«á¡A¥ç©ó¤é¤º¥Ë«Ø¥ß¤F¬F±Ð¦X¤@ªº¦@©M¿Wµô¬FÅv¡Cµ²ªG©v±Ð§ï²®u¨÷¼Ú¬w¡A¦U¬£³£¦Û¥H¬°¥¿²Î¡A«á¨Óµo¥Í¤F¤T¤Q¦~ªº©v±Ð¾Ôª§¡C^°ê¤è±¤]¦³¤H¤Ï¹ï°ê®a±Ð·|¡B¥X¨Ó¦Û¤v²Õ´¡u¦Û¥Ñ±Ð·|¡v¡]free
church¡^¡A¦³¡u¤ÀÂ÷¬£¡v¡B¡u²M±Ð®{¡v¡A¥t¥~¤S¦³¤Ï¹ïÀ¦«Ä®û§ªº«®û¬£¡]«á¨ÓÅܦ¨¤µ¤éªºªù¿Õ·|¡^©M®û§¬£¡]®û«H·|¡^¡C¥L̳£¤£®e©ó^°ê¡B¤Ñ¥D±Ð¡B¬Æ¦Ü§ï²¬£¤]¢®`¥LÌ¡]·O¹B²zªº°lÀHªÌ§â«®û¬£´Ý®`¡^¡A©ó¬O¥LÌ°k¨ì¬ü¬w·s¤j³°¡A¦b´M¥X¸ô¡A«á¨Ó¤Sµo®i§ó¦hªº±Ð¬£¡A³o¨Ç³£²ÎºÙ¬°·s±Ð¡C |
¤½¤¸395¦~¡Aù°¨«Ò°ê¤Àµõ¦¨ªF¡B¦èù°¨«Ò°ê¡CÀHµÛ¤Àµõ¡A°ò·þ±Ð¤À¤Æ¬°¥H§Æþ»y¦a°Ï¬°¤¤¤ßªºªF¬£©M¥H©Ô¤B»y¦a°Ï¬°¤¤¤ßªº¦è¬£¡C§g¤h©Z¤B©Mù°¨¹E¦¨¬°ªF¦è±Ð·|ªº©v±Ð¤¤¤ß¡C«Ò°ê°I®z¡A³y¦¨»y¨¥²Î¤@¤£¦b¡AªF¦è¤è±Ð·|¦U¦Û¥H§Æþ¤å»P©Ô¤B¤åÆp¬ã©v±Ð°ÝÃD¡A©¿²¤Âù¤èªº¥æ¬y¡A¦]¦Ó³y¦¨§ó¤jªº©v±Ð¹j»Ò¡A¥t¥~¥ç¦³¤å¤Æ®t§O¡B¹ïÓ§O«H¥õ°ÝÃDªº²z¸Ñ¡]¦pì¸o¡B¹Ï¹³¯«¾Ç¡^¡CªF¦è¨â±Ð¬£¤@ª½¦³¼¯À¿¡Aª½¦Ü¤½¤¸1050¦~ù°¨¥D±Ð§Q¶ø¤E¥@¸T¤î·N¤j§Q«n³¡ªF¬£±Ð·|¦æ§Æþ§¡A¦Ó§g¤h©Z¤B³ùªªºÁÚ§Jº¸¡E¦â¸ô©Ô¨½¯Q´µ¡£Michael
Cerularius¡¤«h¤U¥O¦èù°¨°ê¹Ò¤ºªº©Ô¤B±Ð·|¤@«ß¨Ï¥Î§Æþ§»ö¡CÂù¤è½Í§P¤£ªG¡A¤¬¬Û«ü±±¡A¦b1054¦~¾ÉP³Ì«áªº¤Àµõ¡AªF¬£³QºÙ¬°ªF¥¿±Ð¡C |
«H®{¥Dn¤À§G¦a°Ï¤Î¼Æ¥Ø(2000 ¸ê®Æ) |
- ·N¤j§Q¡B¦è¯Z¤ú¡B½³µå¤ú¡Bªk°ê¡B¤ñ§Q®É¡B·ç¤hªº´ËªL°Ï¡B¼w°ê«n³¡¡B·Rº¸Äõ¡BªiÄõ¡B¥ß³³©{¡B±¶§J¡B¦I¤ú§Qªº¤j³¡¤À¡B«n´µ©Ô¤Ò¥_³¡¡B«n¬ü¬w¡B¤¤¬ü¬w¡B¾¥¦èô¡B¦è¦L«×¸s®qªº¤@³¡¡B«¶¥_§J¡Bµá«ß»«
- ¦@¢°¢¯»õ¦h«H®{¡A¦û°ò·þ±Ð¬£«H®{Á`¤H¼Æ¢µ¢¯¢H¡A¨ä¤¤¼Ú¬w¦û¢²»õ¡A«D¬w¦û¢°»õ¦h
- ªñ¤G¤Q¦~«D¬w±Ð®{¼Wªø¤@¿¥b
- «Dù°¨¤Ñ¥D±Ð·|¥Dn¤À§G¦b·ç¤h¡B²üÄõ¡Bªk°êµ¥¦a¡AÁ`¤H¼Æ¬ù¢µ¦Ê¸U¾l¤H
|
- ¼w°êªº¤¤³¡»P¥_³¡¡B´µ³ô¦a¨ººû¨È¡BªâÄõ¡B·R¨F¥§¨È¡B©Ô¯Sºû¨È¡B²üÅÓ¡B·ç¤h¤§¤j³¡¤À¡B^®æÄõ¡BĬ®æÄõ¡B¬ü°ê¡B¥[®³¤j¤§¤j³¡¤À¡B«n«D¬w¡B¿D¬w
- ¦@¢³»õ¦h«H®{¡A¦û°ò·þ±Ð¬£«H®{Á`¤H¼Æ¢±¢¯¢H
- ªñ¦~¥H¨È¬wªF³¡¡]¥]¬A¤¤°ê¡^µo®i³Ì§Ö
- ¸t¤½·|¬ù¦³¢´¤d¢´¦Ê¸U¦h«H®{
- ¤gµÛ±Ð·|¤À§G¦b«D¬w¤Î¿D¬w¡A¬ù¢±»õ¤H«H®{
- ¼¯ªù±Ð¡B²Î¤@±Ðµ¥Ãä½t±Ð·|µo®i³Ì§Ö¡A¥Dn¤À§G¦b¬ü°ê¡B«nÁú¡B¤é¥»µ¥¡A¬ù¢³¤d¸U«H®{
|
- ªF¼Úªº«Xù´µ¡Bù°¨¥§¨È¡B¤Úº¸·F¥b®q¦U°ê¡B§Æþ
- ¦@¢±»õ¦h«H®{¡A¦û°ò·þ±Ð¬£«H®{Á`¤H¼Æ¢°¢¯¢H
|
»´ä«H®{¼Æ¥Ø(2003¦~11¤ë¸ê®Æ) |
¬ù239 400¤H¡C¸t¾¤Hûp¦³¥qÅM309¤H¡Bפh60¤H©Mפk519¤H¡C¥þ´ä¦@¦³52Ó°ó°Ï¡A¥]¬A40¶¡¤Ñ¥D±Ð°ó¡B30¶¡¤p±Ð°ó©M28ӥΧ@©v±Ð¬¡°ÊªºÂ§°ó |
¬ù30¸U¡A·|°ó1300¦h¶¡¡A¤j¤p©v¬£¹O50Ó¡A³Ì¤jªº©v¬£¬°®û«H·|¡A¨ä¦¸¬O«H¸q©v¡A¨ä¥L¥Dn©v¬£¦³°ò·þ´_Á{¦w®§¤é·|¡B¸t¤½·|¡B«Å¹D·|¡B¤¤µØ°ò·þ±Ð·|¡B´`¹D²zÁp¦X±Ð·|¡B¤¦¯¸`©v±Ð·|©M±Ï¥@x |
(µL¸ê®Æ) |
»´ä±Ð¨| |
¾Ç®Õ©M¥®¸X¶é320¶¡¡A´NŪ¤H¼Æ¬ù286000¤H |
¥D¿ì¤T¶¡±M¤W¾Ç°|¡]§Y»´ä¤¤¤å¤j¾Ç±R°ò¾Ç°|¡B»´ä®û·|¤j¾Ç©MÀ«n¤j¾Ç¡^¡B144¶¡¤¤¾Ç¡B192¶¡¤p¾Ç¡B273¶¡¥®¸X¶é¡B116¶¡¥®¨à¶é¡B16©Ò¯«¾Ç°|©M¸t¸g¾Ç°|¡B16¶¡±Ð·|¥Xª©ªÀ©M57¶¡°ò·þ±Ð®Ñ©± |
(µL¸ê®Æ) |
»´äªÀ·|ºÖ§Q |
¤»¶¡Âå°|¡B15¶¡¶EÀø©Ò¡B13¶¡ªÀ·|ªA°È¤¤¤ß¡B15¶¡±JªÙ¡B12¶¡¦w¦Ñ°|¡B15¶¡±d´_¤¤¤ß¥H¤Î¦hÓ¦Û§U·|ªÀ©M¨ó·|¡C»´ä©ú·R¬O»´ä±Ð°ÏÄݤUªºªÀ·|ºÖ§QªA°È¾÷ºc |
¶}¿ì¤C¶¡Âå°|¡]¯f§É3749±i¡^¡B18¶¡¶EÀø©Ò©M59Ó´£¨Ñ¦hºØªÀ·|ªA°ÈªºªÀ·|ªA°È¾÷ºc¡A¨ä¤¤¥]¬A227¶¡ªÀ°Ï¤Î«C¤Ö¦~¤¤¤ß¡B74¶¡¤é¶¡Å@²z¤¤¤ß¡B17¶¡¨àµ£°|¡B35¶¡¦w¦Ñ°|¡B106¶¡¦Ñ¤H¤¤¤ß¡B¨â¶¡ª¼µ£¤Î®zÅ¥¨àµ£¾Ç®Õ¡B47¶¡®z´¼¤H¤h°V½m¾Ç®Õ¤Î15ÓÅSÀç¦aÂI¡C¦Ü©ó°ò·þ±Ð«C¦~·|¤Î°ò·þ±Ð¤k«C¦~·|¡A«h¶}¿ì¤F¤¶¡°s©±¦¡°ê»Ú»«À] |
(µL¸ê®Æ) |
^¤å¬y¦æĶ¥» |
- New American Bible (NAB)
- ³£®Jª© Douay-Rheims Bible (DRV)
- ù°¨¤Ñ¥D±Ðª©(RCV)
- Today's English Version (TEV)¡þGood News Bible (GNB)
- Knox Version (KV)
- Jerusalem Bible (JB)¡BNew Jerusalem Bible (NJB)
|
- ¸â©i¤h°ê¤ýª© King James Version (KJV)¡þ´Ü©w¥» Authorised Version (AV)¡BNew King
James Version (NKJV)¡B21st Century King James Version (KJ21)
- The Darby Bible¡þDarby Translation (DARBY)
- New Living Translation (NLT)
- Young's Literal Translation (YLT)
- Bible in Basic English (BBE)
- American Standard Version (ASV)¡þ×¥¿¼Ð·Çª©¡BRevised Standard Version (RSV)¡þNew
Revised Standard Version
- New American Standard Bible (NASB)
- Amplifed (AMP)
- Worldwide English (¥u¦³·s¬ù)
- World English Bible (WEB)
- The Webster Bible (WEBSTER)
- New International Version (NIV)
- The Message (MSG)
- Contemporary English Version (CEV)
- English Standard Version (ESV)
- God's Word (GW)
|
Revised Standard Version (RSV) |
¤¤¤å¬y¦æĶ¥» |
«ä°ª¥» (SB) |
- ©M¦X¥»(CUV)¡B·s¼ÐÂI©M¦X¥»
- ²{¥N¤¤¤åĶ¥»¡B²{¥N¤¤¤åĶ¥»×qª©
- §f®¶¤¤Ä¶¥»
- ·í¥N¸t¸g
- ¸t¸g·sĶ¥»
|
(¨ÃµL¤¤Ä¶¥») |
¬ù¤C¨÷¡G¦hڨȶǡB¤Í§Ì¼w¶Ç¡Bº¿¥[§B¤W¡Bº¿¥[§B¤U¡B´¼¼z½g¡B¼w°V½g¡B¤Ú¸ô§J®Ñ |
¢ç: ³QºÙ¬°²Ä¤G¥¿¨å(Deuterocanonical books) |
¢Ü: ¤C¨÷³QºÙ¬°¦h¤ñ¶Ç¡BµSºw¶Ç¡Bº¿³Ø¤ñ¤@®Ñ¡Bº¿³Ø¤ñ¤G®Ñ¡B©Òùªù´¼°V¡B«K¦è©Ô´¼°V¡B¤Ú¸L®Ñ¡F³Q»{¬°¬O¦¸¸g(Apocrypha) |
Y |
¬ù¡G¹F¥§º¸¡þ¦ý¥H²z®Ñ¤¤ªºÄ¬¼»¯Ç¡B¨©º¸©M¤jÀs¡B¤T«C¦~Æg¬ü¤W¥Dºq |
Y |
N: ³QºÙ¬°¤ñ°Ç»P¤jÀs¡B¨ÈÂħQ¨È먥¡B¤Tµ£ºq |
¢ç |
¬ù¡G¦ã´µ¼wº¸¶Ç¡þ¥H´µ©«°O¤¤ªº¥H´µ©«¸É½g |
Y |
N |
? |
¬ù¡G¥H´µ±o©Ô¤@®Ñ¡Bº¿³Ø¤ñ¤T®Ñ¡Bº¿³Ø¤ñ¥|®Ñ¡BC§Q¦Ì®Ñ«H¡B¸Ö½g151½g¡Bº¿®³¦è먥 |
N |
N: ºÙ¥H´µ±o©Ô¤@®Ñ¬°¥H´µ±o©Ô¤T®Ñ |
Y |
¨Ó·½ |
«H¼wÄ_®w¡G¸t¸g©M¸t¶Ç¡þ¶Ç©Ó |
- ¤@¯ë±Ð·|¡G¥u¦³¸t¸g
- ¸t¤½·|¡G¸t¸g¡B¶Ç²Î¡B²z©Ê¡þ¤T«ªk½X
- ¼¯ªù±Ð¡G¸t¸g¡B¼¯ªù¸g¡B¸t¬ù»P±Ð¸q¡BµL»ù¬Ã¯]¥þ®Ñ
|
¸t¸g©M¸t¶Ç |
«n«H¸g |
- ©v®{«H¸g¡G§Ú«H¥þ¯àªº¤Ñ¥D¤÷¡A¤Ñ¦a¸Uª«ªº³Ð³yªÌ¡C§Ú«H¤÷ªº°ß¤@¤l¡A§Ú̪º¥DC¿q°ò·þ¡CÍ¢¦]¸t¯«°¥¥¡A¥Ñµ£sº¿§Q¨È½Ï¥Í¡CÍ¢¦b¤ñ©Ô¦h°õ¬F®É»XÃø¡A³Q°v¦b¤Q¦r¬[¤W¡A¦º¦Ó¦w¸®¡CÍ¢¤U°³±©²¡A²Ä¤T¤é¦Û¦ºªÌ¤¤´_¬¡¡CÍ¢¤É¤F¤Ñ¡A§¤¦b¥þ¯à¤Ñ¥D¤÷ªº¥kÃä¡CÍ¢n±q¤Ñ°¨Ó¡A¼f§P¥ÍªÌ¦ºªÌ¡C§Ú«H¸t¯«¡C§Ú«H¸t¦Ó¤½±Ð·|¡A½Ñ¸tªº¬Û³q¡C¸o¹Lªº³j§K¡C¦×¨ªº´_¬¡¡C¥ÃùÚªº¥Í©R¡C¨È©s¡C
- (¦¡)¡G§Ú«H¥þ¯àªÌ¤Ñ¥D¸t¤÷¡A¤Æ¦¨¤Ñ¦a¡C§Ú«H¨ä±©¤@¸t¤lC¿q°ò§Q´µ·þ§Úµ¥¥D¡C§Ú«H¨ä¦]¸t¯«°¥¥¡A¥Í©óº¿§Q¨È¤§µ£¨¡C§Ú«H¨ä¨üÃø¡A©ó¯ë³¶¤ñ»¶¦h©~©x®É¡A³Q°v¤Q¦r¬[¡A¦º¦Ó¤Dæ°¡C§Ú«H¨ä°¦aº»¡A²Ä¤T¤é¦Û¦ºªÌ¤¤´_¬¡¡C§Ú«H¨ä¤É¤Ñ¡A§¤©ó¥þ¯àªÌ¤Ñ¥D¸t¤÷¤§¥k¡C§Ú«H¨ä¤é«á±q©¼¦Ó¨Ó¡A¼f§P¥Í¦ºªÌ¡C§Ú«H¸t¯«¡C§Ú«H¦³¸t¦Ó¤½±Ð·|¡A½Ñ¸t¬Û³q¥\¡C§Ú«H¸o¤§³j¡C§Ú«H¦×¨¤§´_¬¡¡C§Ú«H±`¥Í¡C¨È©s¡C
|
- ¨Ï®{«H¸g¡G§Ú«H¤W«Ò¡A¥þ¯àªº¤÷¡A³Ð³y¤Ñ¦aªº¥D¡F§Ú«HC¿q°ò·þ¡B¤W«Òªº¿W¥Í¤l¡B§Ú̪º¥D¡A¦]µÛ¸tÆF¦¨¥¥¡A±qµ£¤kº¿§Q¨È©Ò¥Í¡A¦b¥»¥á©¼©Ô¦h¤â¤U¨üÃø¡A³Q°v¦b¤Q¦r¬[¤W¦º¤F¡B¸®¤F¡B¤U¨ì³±¶¡¡A²Ä¤T¤Ñ±q¦ºùØ´_¬¡¡A«áª@¤Ñ¡A§¤¦bµL©Ò¤£¯àªº¤÷¤W«Òªº¥kÃä¡A±N¨Ón±q¨ºùØ°Á{¡A¼f§P¬¡¤H¡B¦º¤H¡F§Ú«H¸tÆF¡A¤@¸t°ò·þ±Ð·|¡A¸t®{¬Û³q¡A¸o±o³j§K¡A¦×¨´_¬¡¡A¨Ã¥B¥Ã¥Í¡Aªüªù¡C
- (¥t¤@ª©¥»)¡G§Ú«H¤W«Ò¡A¥þ¯àªº¤÷¡A³Ð³y¤Ñ¦aªº¥D¡C §Ú«H§Ú¥DC¿q°ò·þ¡A¤W«Òªº¿W¥Í¤l¡Q¦]µÛ¸tÆF·P¥¥¡A±qµ£s¤k°¨§Q¨È©Ò¥Í¡Q¦b¥»¥á©¼©Ô¦h¤â¤U¨üÃø¡A³Q°v¦b¤Q¦r¬[¤W¡A¨ü¦º¡A®I¸®¡Q°¦b³±¶¡¡Q²Ä¤T¤Ñ±q¦ºùØ´_¬¡¡Q¥L¤É¤Ñ¡A§¤¦b¥þ¯à¤÷¤W«Òªº¥kÃä¡Q±N¨Ó¥²±q¨ºùØ°Á{¡A¼f§P¬¡¤H¡A¦º¤H¡C§Ú«H¸tÆF¡Q§Ú«H¸t¦Ó¤½¤§±Ð·|¡Q§Ú«H¸t®{¬Û³q¡Q§Ú«H¸o±o³j§K¡Q§Ú«H¨Åé´_¬¡¡Q§Ú«H¥Ã¥Í¡CªüÌ¡I
- (¸t¤½·|ª©¥»)¡G§Ú«H¤W«Ò¡A§Y¥þ¯à¤§¸t¤÷¡A³Ð³y¤Ñ¦a¤§¥D¡C§Ú«H¨ä¿W¥Í¤§¸t¤l¡A§Ú¥DC°ò·þ¡F§Ú«HC¿q¬°¨ü¸tÆF·P°Ê¤§µ£s¤k°¨§Q¨È©Ò¥Í¡A§Ú«HC¿q¦b¥»¥á©¼©Ô¦h¤â¤U¹JÃø¡A³Q°v¤Q¦r¬[¡A¦º¦Ó®I¸®¡A°¦Ü³±¶¡¡A²Ä¤T¤é±q¦º´_¬¡¡A¤É¤Ñ¡A§¤©ó¥þ¯à¤§¤W«Ò¸t¤÷¤§¥k¡A«á¥²¦Û©¼³B°Á{¡A¼f§P¥Í¤H¦º¤H¡C
§Ú«H¸tÆF¡A§Ú«H¸t¦Ó¤½¤§±Ð·|¡F§Ú«H¸t®{¬Û³q¡F§Ú«H³j¸o¤§®¦¡F§Ú«H¨¦º«á¥²´_¬¡¡F§Ú«H¥Ã¥Í¡CªüÌ¡C
|
- ¥§¦è¨È«H¸g¡G§ÚÌ«H¥õ¿W¤@µL¤Gªº¤W«Ò¡A«H¥õµL©Ò¤£¯àªº¤W«Ò¡A«H¥õ³Ð³y¦³§Î¡BµL§Îªº¸U¯àªº¤W«Ò¡C§ÚÌ«H¥õ¿W¤@µL¤Gªº¥D¡Ð¡ÐC¿q°ò·þ¡C¤W«Òªº¨à¤l¬°¸t¤÷©Ò¥Í¡A¥L¬O¿W¥Íªº¡A§Y¥Ñ¸t¤÷ªº¥»½è©Ò¥Í¡C±q¯«¥X¨Óªº¯«¡A±q¥úµo¥X¨Óªº¥ú¡A±q¯u¯«¥X¨Óªº¯u¯«¡A¨ü¥Í¦Ó«D³Q³y¡A»P¸t¤÷¦P½è¡A¤Ñ¦a¶¡ªº¸Uª«³£¾ÌµÛ¥L¦Ó¨ü³yªº¡A¥L¬°¬@±Ï¤H¥@¦Ó°Á{¡A¦¨¤F¦×¨ªº¤H¡A¨üÃø¡A³Q°v¦b¤Q¦r¬[¤W¡A²Ä¤T¤é´_¬¡¡A´_¬¡«áªº²Ä¥|¤é°Á{¡A¼f§P¬¡¤H¦º¤H¡C¡]§ÚÌ¡^¤]«H¥õ¸tÆF¡C
- (381¦~ª©¥»)¡G§ÚÌ«H¿W¤@ªº¤W¥D¥þ¯àªº¸t¤÷¬O³Ð³y¤Ñ¦a¡A¨Ã¤@¤Á¦³§ÎµL§Î¸Uª«ªº¥D¡C§ÚÌ«H¿W¤@¥D¡BC¿q°ò·þ¡A¤W¥Dªº¿W¥Í¤l¡A¦b¸U¥@¥H«e¬°¤÷©Ò¥Í¡A¬O±q¤W¥D©Ò¥Xªº¤W¥D¡A±q¥ú¥Xªº¥ú¡A±q¯u¯«©Ò¥Xªº¯u¯«¡A¬O¥Íªº¡A¤£¬O³yªº¡A»P¸t¤÷¦PÅé¡A¸Uª«³£ÂǵÛÍ¢¨ü³y¡CÍ¢¬°n¬@±Ï§ÚÌ¥@¤H¡A±q¤Ñ°Á{¡A¦]¸tÆFªº¤j¯à¡A¬°µ£¤k°¨§Q¨È©Ò¥Í¡B°¥@¬°¤H¡C¦b¥»¥á©¼©Ô¦h¤â¤U¬°§Ú̳Q°v¦b¤Q¦r¬[¤W¡F³Q®`¡B¨ü¦º¡B®I¸®¡CÀ³Åç¸t¸gªº¸Ü¡A²Ä¤T¤Ñ´_¬¡¡A¤É¤Ñ¡A§¤¦b¸t¤÷ªº¥kÃä¡A±N¨Ó¥²«Âºa¦AÁ{¡A¼f§P¬¡¤H¦º¤H¡AÍ¢ªº°ê¥ÃµL½aºÉ¡C§ÚÌ«H¸tÆF¡B¬O¥D¡B¬O½ç¥Í©RªÌ¡A±q¸t¤÷¥X¨Ó¡A©M¸t¤÷¡B¸t¤l¦P¨ü·q«ô¡B¦P¨É´Lºa¡A©¹¤éÂǵ۲³¥ýª¾¶Ç¸Ü¡C§ÚÌ«H¨Ï®{©Ò¶Ç°ß¤@¸t¦Ó¤½ªº±Ð·|¡C§ÚÌ©Ó»{¬°³j¸o³]¥ßªº¿W¤@¬~§¡C§Ú̬߱榺¤Hªº´_¬¡¡A¨Ã¨Ó¥@ªº¨Ó¥Í¡CªüÌ¡C
|
¯«¯µ¥D¸q¡B²z©Ê¥D¸q¡B¹ï¸t¸gªº¸ÑÄÀ |
- ¥D±i²z©Ê¡A±j½Õ¤Ñ¥Dªº±Ò¥Ü©M¤HÃþªº²z©Ê¬O¤@Pªº¡A¤Ï¹ï¯«¯µ¥D¸q
- ¸t¸g¬OÁô±âªº¡A¨Ã¤£¬O¤@¥»§¹¥þ¦Û©úªº®Ñ¡A¥¦¥²¶·³Q¸ÑÄÀ¡D¸ÑÄÀÅv¬`¥uÄÝ©ó¾ãӱз|¡]ºÙ¬°µL»~Åv¬`¡^
|
»{¬°¸t¸g¬O¤W«Òªºª½±µ±Ò¥Ü¡A¥¦¦³¨¬°÷ªº©ú´·©ÊÅý¤H»{ÃѺֵ¡A¨Ã¥B¬O¦Û¨³Ì¦nªº¸àÄÀªÌ |
- ³q¹L¯«¯µ¥D¸q¡A¨Ï¤H§l¨ú¯«ªº´¼¼z¡A±j½Õ±Ï¥@¥D¦p¦óÅܦ¨¦³¦å¦³¦×ªºÂßÅé©M¦p¦ó°Á{©ó¤H¥@ªº¶ø¯µ
- ¸t¸g¬O¤W«Ò¤§¨¥¡A¦ý·í¸t¸g²æÂ÷¤F±Ð·|¡A¥¦´NÅܦ¨´¶³qªº®Ñ
|
±o±Ï¤§¹D |
- ±ÏÅ«½×¡G¨È·í®L«½¥Ç¤Fì¸o¤£¯à¦Û±Ï¡A¸t¤÷¬£¸t¤l°¥Í¬°C¿q¡A¬°±ÏÅ«²³¤H¦b¤Q¦r¬[¤WÄm²½¡A¢²¤é«á´_¬¡¤É¤Ñ
- ¥ý¦³²z©À¤Î»{ª¾¦Ó«á¦³«H¼w¡F¤Î«ánרºû¼w¡AÅý«H¼w§âÆF»î¼ä²b¤Æ¥Hªï¦X¸tÆF¨Ã§@¨ä¸t·µ
|
°ß¿W¦]«HºÙ¸q¡G³æ³æ¬Û«H¨Ã±µ¨üC¿q°ò·þªº±ÏÅ«¡A¾ÌÂÇ«H¤ß¡A³q¹L¸tÆFªº¤u§@¡A´N¥i¦bÁÙ¬O§@¬°¸o¤H®É¦b¤W«Ò±«e³QºÙ¸q¡þ¦¨¬°¤W«Òªº¿ï¥Á |
- ¹D¦¨¦×¨¡GC¿q¨ã¦³¯«©Ê¡A¥Ñ¥ý©ó¥@¬É¦s¦bªº¹D¤@¯ß¬Û©Ó¦Ó¨Ó
- °ò·þ¤§¦º¬O¦]¬°n³Ó¹LÅ]°©M¨eªº¦ºÅv
- ºÙ¸q¥]¬A¯u¥¿¨Ï¤H¦¨¬°¸q¡C¥¦¥]¬A¤À¨É¡u¯u¹êªº¸q¡v¡A¦b¦¹¤H¬O¦]¬°¡u¦b°ò·þ¸Ì¡v¦Ó¯u¥¿¦¨¸q¡C¡u¦b°ò·þ¸Ì¡v´N¬O¤À¨É¯«©Ê¥»½è¡A¦]¦Ó¶i¤J¯«¤Æ¤§¸ô
(theosis©Îdeification: ÂǵۻP°ò·þÁp¦XÅܦ¨¯«ªº¼Ë¦¡)
|
®¦¨å¡B±Ï®¦ |
®¦¨å¬O¯«¬°¤H¦Ó³yªº¡A¤H¶·°t¦X²z´¼©M·N§Ó»P¤Ñ¥Dªº®¦Ãd¦X§@¡A±Ð·|Âǵ۸t§²£¥Í®¦¨å¡AÅý±Ï®¦¦³¥i¯àµo¥Í |
C¿q°ò·þ§¹¥þ¤F¾ãӱϮ¦¡A¨¬¥H¨Ï±ÏÅ«¦¨¬°²{¹ê¡A¤H¤£¯à°^Äm¬Æ»ò |
- ®¦¨å¬O¯«©Ê¥»½èªº¶ø¯µ©µ®i¡A¤£¬O³Q³yªº¡A¨Ã¥B³e¬ï¾ãÓ¨ü³y¬É
- ¸t§¹ï©ó¦¨¸q¡B«¥Í©Î±Ï®¦¬O¥²¶·ªº
|
ì¸o |
Y: ¥@¤Hn©Ó¨ü¨È·í®L«½ªºì¸o¡A³oì¸o¤w¸g¿ò¶Çµ¹¥@¤H |
- P: ¨È·í¿ò¶Çªº¤£¥u¸oªº±ÑÃa©M¤£¹D¼w¡AÁÙ¦³¥¦ªº¸oª¹
- «ì´_¬£¡B³¡¥÷ÆF®¦¬£¡B»´ä¯«ªº±Ð·|¡B¥¦w°ó³£§_©wì¸o¡A¥u±µ¨ü¤Hªº¦º¤`¬O¦]¬°©Ó¨ü¤F¨È·íªº±oªº©G¶A¡A¤H¥Ç¸o¥u¬O«á¤Ñ¾ÇÃa
|
N: ¤£©wì¸oªº¿ò¶Ç¡C»{¬°¦º¤`¬OÂǨȷí¥Ç¸o¶i¤J¥@¬É¡A¨Ã¥B¥²¦´¡A¤Î¤H¶¡ªºº×±w¡BµhW¤Î¼¤±æ¡A³£¬O¥Ñ¦º¤`±a¨Ó |
·Òº» |
Y: ¦b¤Ñ°ó©M¦aº»¤§¶¡¡A¤H¦º«á·Ò²bÆF»î¨ü¼È»@ªº¦a¤è |
N |
N: ©Ò¦³¤H³£n¥h³±¶¡(¦³·¥¤Ö¼Æ¨Ò¥~¡A¨Ò¦p¸t¥À¬O¥Ñ¤Ñ¨Ï§ß«ùª½©¹¤Ñ°ó)¡Aµ¥«Ý¼f§P¤§¤é |
¸tÆF¡þ¸t¯« |
¸t¯«¨Ó¦Û©ó¸t¤÷¤Î¸t¤l |
? |
¸tÆF¨Ó¦Û©ó¸t¤÷ |
¸t¥À¾Ç |
Y: ¤Ñ¥D¤§¥À¡B¥Ã¤[µ£s¡B©lLµL¬Vì¸o¡B»â³ø¡B¯«¸t¥À©Ê¡B§¹¥þ¸t¼ä¡Bºë¯«¥À©Ê¡B¬°²³¤H¥N¨D¡B¤É¤Ñµ¥ |
N: ¥u»{¬°°¨§Q¨È¦b¥ÍC¿q«e¬°µ£s |
P: ¬Û«H¸t¥À¬O¤Ñ¥D¤§¥À¡B²×¨µ£s¡B¤w¤É¤Ñ¡B¬°²³¤H¥N¨D¡A¤Ï¹ï©lLµL¬Vì¸o |
¦×Åé¤É¤Ñ |
Y |
Y |
N |
¤C¥ó¸t¨Æ¡þ¶ø¨Æ¡þ¸t§ |
Y: ¥i¥HÂǵۤ@¨Ç¤H©Î¨Æ½á¤©¤H¯¬ºÖ©M¸tÃd¡A³z¹L»â¨ü³o¨Ç¸t¨Æ¯àÅý¥Í©R¬¡±o§óÂײ± |
- P: ¥u¦³¬~§¡B¸tÅé¡A»{¬°Ó¤Hªº»{¸o¡Bë§i¡B¯«×¡B©ÎÀq·Q¡A¤w¯à°÷ª½±µ»P¯««Ø¥ßÃö«Y¡AµL»Ý¤Ó¦h¥~¦bªº¤¸¯À
- ¡i¸t¤½·|¡j°£¬~§¤Î¸tÅé¥~¡A¦³¨ä¾l¤¶µ¸t§¡AºÙ¬°¦¸nªº¸t§
|
Y: ¤C¥ó¸t¨Æ¬OC¿q¿Ë¦Û©wªº¡A³q¹L¤@©w¥i¨£ªº§Î¦¡µ¹¤©»â¨üªÌ¤£¥i¨£ªºC¿qªºÃd·R©M«O¦ö¡A¤ß¸ÛªÌ´N¯à»â¨ü¨ì |
¸tÅé¡þ¸tÀ\¡þ¥DÀ\¡þ¬£À\¡þ·P®¦¡þÀ±¼»¡þ¯¬Á¡þÄm²½¡þÀ¼»æ¡þ»âÀ\ |
- ¨ä¥L©Ò¦³¸t¨Æªº¦w±Æ¡A³£¬O¥H¦¹¸t¨Æ¬°¨ä²×¦V
- Åܽ軡(transubstantiation)¡G»æ©MªMªº¥»½è¸g²½¥q¯¬¸t«áÂàÅܦ¨°ò·þªº¨Åé©M¦å
- ¨Ï¥ÎµL»ÃÄÑ»æ
|
- ¡i¤@¯ë±Ð·|¡j¸tÀ\Äݬö©À©Ê½è¡A¨Ã¤£¬Û«H»æ°s©ó¯¬¸t«á§Y¯uÅܦ¨C¿qªºÅé¦å
- ¡i«H¸q©v¡j»{¬°»æ°s¬O°ò·þªº¨Åé©M¦å
- ¡i¸t¤½©v¡j»{¬°¤W«ÒªºÆF¦b»æ°s¤¤
|
- ºÙ¬°¡u¶ø¯µºá®u¡v¡A¥q²½©M«H²³©Ò»â¨üªº¬O°ò·þ¶ø¯µªº¨Åé©M¦å
- ¨Ï¥Îµo»ÃÄÑ¥]©M°s
|
¬~§¡þ®û§¡þ¸t¤ô§¡þ¸t¬~ |
- »{¬°¬~§¶H¼x¨Ã¹ê²{¨º¥Ñ¤ô©M¸t¯«ªº¦A¥Í
- ª`¤ô¦¡¡]ÃB¤Wˤô¡^¡þÅx¤ô¦¡
- ¤£ÃÙ¦¨À¦¨à¨ü¬~«á»â¸tÀ\
|
- ¤ô§¥u¬O¸tÆF«¥Íªº¨£ÃÒ¡A«¥Í¥u¦]«H«D¦]¤ô
- ¤£¦P¬£§O¦³¤£¦P¤è¦¡¡A¦³®û(¥þ¨¤J¤ô)¡BÅx¤ô¡A¬Æ¦ÜÂI¤ô
- ¦³¨Ç¥u¬~¤@¦¸¡A¦³¨Ç©^¤÷¡B¤l¡BÆF¤§¦W¦U¬~¤@¦¸
- ¡i«H¸q©v¡B²üÄõ§ï²©v¡Bªø¦Ñ·|¡B¸t¤½·|¡B´`¹D©v¡j±µ¨üÀ¦¨à¬~§
- ºÖµ¬£¡]¥Dn®û«H¬£¡^»{¬°¡u«H¦Ó¨ü®û¡v¡Aı±oÀ¦«Ä¬O¦³¡u«H¡vªº»¡ªk¤£¦X²z¡A¤D±Æ©Ú¤§¡A¥H¡uÀ¦«Ä©^Äm§¡v´À¥N¡F¥t¥~®û§ªº¤è¦¡¶·¥þ¨¨S¤J¤ô¤¤
|
- Âǵ۸t¤ô§±o¨ì«¥Í¡B§ó·s¡B«³y¡A¤Î¥»½è³Q³y¦¨¯«¸tªº§Î¹³
- ®û¤ô¦¡¡G¥þ¨®û¤J¡A©^¤÷¡B¤l¡B¸tÆF¤§¦W®û¤J¤T¦¸
- À¦¨à¨ü¬~«á´N¦³¸ê®æ»â¸tÀ\
|
°í®¶¡þ°í«H¡þ¸t»I |
Y: ºÙ¬°°í®¶¡A¦b¤p«Äªø¨ì¤C·³¨ì¤K·³®É¶i¦æ |
P: ³¡¥÷±µ¨üÀ¦«Ä¬~§ªº±Ð·|¡A·í«Ä¤lªø¤j«á¡]¬ù¤Q¤G¦Ü¤Q¤C·³¤§¶¡¡^¡A·|±Ð¾É¥L̿˦۩ú¥ÕºÖµ©M±µ¨üC¿q¬°±Ï¥D¡AµM«á¦b±Ð·|¤¤µ¹»P°í®¶Â§¡A¤£·|¦A¦¸¬I¬~ |
Y: ºÙ¬°¸t»I¡A¦b¤p«Ä¡£¤C·³«e¡¤¨ü¬~«á¥ß§YÁ|¦æ |
§i¸Ñ¡þשM¡þ®¬¸o¡þÄb®¬ |
Y: ±Ð®{¦b¯«¤÷±«e¥u¯à¸÷©Î§¤ |
- ¡i¤@¯ë±Ð·|¡jN
- ¡i¸t¤½·|¡jY
|
Y: ±Ð®{¦b¯«¤÷±«e¥i¯¸©Î¸÷ |
±B°t¡þ±B«Ã¡þ±B§ |
- Y: µø±B«Ã¸t§¬°¦X¬ù¡A¤£¹L³o¦X¬ù¬O¤£¯à¸Ñ°£ªº¡A¦Ó±Ð·|(§Y¥D±Ð©Î¥q²½)¬O³o¹ï·s¤H¥ß¬ùªº¨£ÃÒ¤H
- ¸T¤îÂ÷±B¡F°£«D°t°¸¥h¥@¡A¤£³\¦A±B
- ®Ú¾Ú±Ð·|ªk¡A¸g¹L±Ð·|±B«Ãªk®x¼f¬d«á¡A¥i«Å§G±B«ÃµL®Ä
|
- ±Ð·|¤¤¦~«C¨k¤kªºÅÊ·R¡A¹ªÀy¥L̦b±Ð·|Á|¦æ±B§
- ¦w®§¤é·|¡G°£«D¬Y¤è¥Ç¤F«Á²]¡A§_«h¤£¦P·NÂ÷±B
|
- Y: ¬O¤@Ó¨k¤H©M¤@Ó¤k¤H¶ø¯µªº¦X¤@¡A³o¦X¤@¥é®Ä°ò·þ»P±Ð·|ªº¦X¤@¡C¦b³õªº¤£¥u¥D±Ð©Îªø¦Ñ¡A¾ãÓ¯«ªº¤l¥Á³z¹L¥L̦Ӧb³õ
- ¤¹³\¦ý¤£¹ªÀyÂ÷±B¤Î¦A±B¡A¨C¤H¥H¤T¦¸¬°¡A»{¬°²Ä¤@¦¸µ²±B¦b¯«²´¤¤¬Ý¬°³Ì¤j¡A¦A±Bªº»ö¦¡¤£¥i¾Q±i¡AÅw¼Ö¤§»ö¦¡n´«¦¨¦V¯«¨D³j§K¤§Ã«§i
|
¸t¯´¡þ¯««~¡þ¯¬¸t¡þ¸t«~¤H¡þ«ö¤â |
Y |
- N: ¦ý®û«H¬£¦³«öªªÂ§¡Aªí¥Ü¹ï¨ü§ªÌÀò±o±Ð·|©e°Uªª¾i¾¨Æ¥þ¤O¤ä«ù
- °õ¨Æ±Â¾§¡G±Ð·|´z¿ï¥X°õ¨Æ¡þ°ó©e®É©Ò¶i¦æ
- ªª®v¡þªªªÌ±Â¾¨å§¡G±Ð·|¸u½Ðªª®v¡þªªªÌ©Ò¶i¦æ
|
Y |
(¯f¤H)³Åªo¡þ²×³Å¡þÁ{²×©Ùªo |
Y: ¨Ï¯f¤HÀò±o¼¢ÂÇ¡B¥¦w»P°í¼Ý¡A§Ô¨ü¯e¯f©Î¦Ñ¦~ªºµhW¡A¨Ã¬°¨«¦V¥Ã¥Í§@·Ç³Æ |
- ¡i¤@¯ë±Ð·|¡jN
- ¡i¸t¤½·|¡jY
|
Y: §t¦³«ì´_°·±d©ÎªÌ³q¹L¦º¤`¦Ó±q¯e¯f¤¤¸Ñ²æ¨âӥتº |
¬èë |
¥Î¾ãÓ¤â´x¦b¯Ý«e¦Û¤W¦V¤U¡A¦Û¥ª¦V¥kµe¤Q¦r¡A¦P®É©À¤Q¦r¸t¸¹¡G¡u¦]¤÷¡B¤Î¤l¡B¤Î¸t¯«¤§¦W¡C¨È©s¡C¡v |
- ¡i¤@¯ë±Ð·|¡jµL¯S©w«º¶Õ
- ¡i¸t¤½·|¡j¦³¤Q¦r¸t¸¹¡A¤â¶Õ¦P¤Ñ¥D±Ð
|
¥Î¤TÓ¤â«ü¡£©æ«ü¡B¹«ü©M¤¤«ü¡¤¦b¯Ý«e¦Û¤W¦V¤U¡A¦Û¥k¦V¥ªµe¤Q¦r |
¸t¤Hªº·q§¡B¸t¹³¤å¤Æ |
- ¦³¦UºØ»ö¦¡¡]¥]¬A¦V¸t¹³Áù°`»P¦V¸t¤H¨DÂàë¡^À°§U«H®{¥hÀq·Q¸t¤H¡]¥]¬A¸t¥À¡^ªº¦æ¬°¡AÅý«H®{®Äªk¡A¥H¹F¨ì»P¤Ñ¥D§ó¥[±µªñªº¥Øªº
- ®¦¨å¤D¬O¬°¤F¶êº¡¦ÛµM¡A¸t¹³³Q¥ßÅé¤Æ¡Aªí©ú¥L̬O¦ÛµMªº¤@³¡¥÷
- ¸t¹³³q±`¥uÄÝ´£¿ô©M¸Ë¹¢©Ê½è
|
- ¡i¤@¯ë±Ð·|¡j±j½Õ¯©«ô°ß¤@ªº¯«¡A»{¬°¨ä¥L¸t¸g¤¤ªº¤Hª«¨Ã¤£¯à§@¡u¸t¡v¦r¡A¥ç¤£À³¦³¥ô¦ó§»ö¥h®¥·q¥LÌ¡F¬Û«H¡u«H®{¬Ò¸t¡v
- ¡i¸t¤½·|¡j±Ð°ó¦³°ò·þ©Î¤Ñ¨ÏÀJ¹³§G¸m¡A¥H¬ö©ÀC¿q¡B¸tªÌ©M®î¹DªÌ¡A«H®{·|¦V¸t¹³Áù°`
|
- µo®i¸t¹³¯«¾Ç¡]Iconography¡^¡G¸t¹³³£¬O¥±ªº¹Ïµe¡Aªí©ú°ò·þ¡B¸t¥À¡B¤Ñ¨Ï¡B¸t®{¥H¤Î©¼©¤¡A¬O¤@Ó§Ṳ́£¯à¥Î¤©x©Ò´ú«×ªº¶ø¯µ¥@¬É
- «Ê¸t¨Ï«H®{¹F¨ì¦¨¸tªº¤@ӹҬɡAºÙ¬°¡u±oºaÄ£¡v¡A«H®{·|¦V³o¨Ç¸t®{¬èë¡A¨D¥L̬°¦Û¤v¥N¨D¡A¥H¤Î´L·q¥L̤ΥL̪º¿òª«
- ·|¿Ë§k¸t¹³©M¦b¸t¹³«e¬èë¡A¥Hªí¹ï¸t¹³©Ò¥Nªíªº¤Hª«ªº´L·q¡A¦ý¥Ļ_»{³o¬O·q«ô¡A¤]§_»{¸t¹³¬O°¸¹³
- «H®{¦b®a³£¨Ñ¦³¸t®{µe¹³¡A¨C¤Ñ¦±ß½¤«ô¡B¬èºÖ¡B¿N»¡B¦æ§
|
¸tª«±R«ô |
Y: ©À¯]¡þª´ºÀ¯]¡B¤Q¦r¬[¡B¸t¥À¹³¡B¸t¤Hµe¹³¤ÎC¿q¹³¤pÁå¼Y¡þ¸tµPµ¥ |
N |
Y |
ÀY¤yÂÐÀY |
N |
N |
Y: ¸t¾¤Hû¥H¤Î°ü¤k³£¦b§«ô®É¥²¶·¥HÀY¤yÂÐÀY |
¸T¹ |
- Y: ¤@¯ë¦b¸t¼y¤é©MC¿q¨üÃø¤éÁ|¦æ¸T¹¡A¦³¨Ç§¹¥þ¸T¹¡A¦³¨Ç¥u¦Y¤@À\
- ¦³¨Ç±Ð®{¦b¨C¶g¤³£¤£¦Y¦×Ãþ¹«~¡A¥H¬ö©ÀC¿q¬O¦b¶g¤³Q°v¦b¤Q¦r¬[ªº
- ¸T¹¤§¦~ÄÖ¥Ñ14·³¦Ü59·³¡A¤§«e©Î¤§«á´NµL¦¹¸T§Ò
|
Y: §Q¥Î¥D°Ê(¦Ûµo©Ê)¸T¹§@ë§i¡A¬Û«H¦³°Ê·n¶Â·t¶Õ¤O®Ú°òªº¯à¤O |
Y: ¦b¯S§O¤é¤l¡A¦h·|¦Û°Ê¸T¹¡A¤ñ¸û°@¸ÛªÌ´X¥G¬O¨C¶g¤T¡B¤³£ÄݸT¹¤é¡A¤Z¦×Ãþ¡B³½Ãþ¡B°s¡Bªo¥H¤Î¨ÅÃþ»s«~¬O§¹¥þ§Ùµ´ |
³à§¡þ¦w®§Â§«ô |
µ{§Ç¡G¤JÀÔ§¡B¬°¤`ªÌ»w맡B¦u©]§¡BÂl¸®À±¼»¡B§i§O§¡B®a¡þ¤½²½Â§¡B«Ê´Ã§¡þ±ÒÆF§¡B¦w¸®Â§¡þ¤õ¸®Â§¡B¦wÆF§¡B¶ê¼X§¡B°©¦Ç¦w©ñ§ |
¦³¤jÀÔ§¡B¦w®§Â§«ô¡B¦w¸®Â§¤TÓµ{§Ç |
- ¦ºªÌ©ñ¦b®a¤¤ª½¨ì¸®Â§Á|¦æ·í¤é¡A«e¤@¤Ñ³Ä±ß®a¤H·|Á|¦æ²½¨å¡A®a¤H·|³v¤@P¯¬Ãã¥Hªí¹F«ä©À
- ¸®Â§¥]¬A¸t¸Ö¡B¸t¯¬µ¥¡A¦ºªÌ·|¦³¸tµe¹³³¸®(¨k¡GC¿q¹³¡F¤k¡G¸t¥À¹³)¡A»ö¦¡«á¿Ë¤Í¥i¶´Ã¤@¶g¡AÄm¤W³Ì«áªº¯¬ºÖ¡A¤]¥i¿Ë§k¦ºªÌ¤§ÀYÃB
|
²½ªÁ |
Y |
N |
Y: »{¬°¤@Ó¤Hªº©R¹B¬O¥½¤é¼f§P®ÉÔ¤~¨M©wªº¡C¦b¨º¤é¥H«e¡A¤HÁÙ¥i¥H¦³¾÷·|ÁͦV¯«©Î»·Â÷¯«¡C¦]¦¹¡A¦³¬°¦º¤H¬è몺»Ýn |
ÅXÅ]§ |
Y |
P: ÆF®¦¬£¤¤¦³»°°¶µ¥Ø¡A¨ä¥L©v¬£«h¤ñ¸û§C½Õ |
? |
µI» |
Y |
- ¡i¤@¯ë±Ð·|¡jN
- ¡i¸t¤½·|¡jY: ¶H¼x²³«H®{¦V¤W«ÒªºÃ«§i
|
Y |
±µ¨ü«H®{Âà·|§ |
Y: ¥Ñ´XÓ°ò·þ±Ð¤jªº±Ð¬£¡A¦pªø¦Ñ·|¡B¸t¤½·|¡B¸ô¼w·|¡AÂà¦Ó°Ñ¥[¤Ñ¥Dªº±Ð·|¡A¤£¶·¦A»â¨ü¸t¬~¡A¦ý·|±µ¨ü°í®¶Â§ |
Y: ¦]²¾¥Á¡Bµ²±BÂà·|µ¥ì¦]¡A±µ¨ü«H®{±qì±Ð·|Âà¦Ü¥»±Ð·|ªº»ö¦¡ |
N |
±Ð¤h¸Ë§ê |
¥D±ÐÀYÀ¹®ç§Î¦y³»´U©Î¥|¨¤´U¡A¨¬ï¯S®í¸t³T¡A¯Ý±¾¤Q¦r¬[¡A¤âÀ¹Åv§Ù¡C¥i¥Ñ¨äÃC¦â¤Î¦¡¼Ë¤À¿ë¥X¦b±Ð·|¤¤¤§¦a¦ì°ª§C |
- (?) ªª®v·|¬ï¤W¶ÂŨm¡AÀ¹¤W¥Õ¦âªºÀVÀô
- ¡i¸t¤½·|¡j¶Â¦âªø³T¡A¥Õ¦âµu¥~³T¡A¶Â¦âªÓ¥¬±a¡A¾Ç¦ì°Â´U
|
¥D±ÐÀYÀ¹¶ê³»´U¡A¨¬ï»È¥Õ¦â©Î¶Â¦â¯«³T¡A¯Ý±¾¸t¹³¡A¤â«ùÅv§ú¡F¤j³£»W¦³ªøÄGŽ¡AÀY¾v¤]¤£±o°Å¡A¥i¥H½L¦bÀY³»¤W |
»y¨¥ |
¤j³¡¥÷¥Î¦a¤è»y¨¥¡A¤£¹L¨CÓ¦a°ÏªºÁ`°ó¦h¼Æ¦³¤@¥x©Ô¤BÀ±¼» |
¨S¦³»y¨¥¨î¡A¤@¯ë¨Ï¥Î¦a¤è¥Á±Ú»y¨¥ |
°£¤F¥i¨Ï¥Î§Æþ»y¥~¡AÁÙ¥i¨Ï¥Î¦a¤è¥Á±Ú»y¨¥¡A¦p´µ©Ô¤Ò»y |
¸tºq¡þ¸t¼Ö |
°Û¸Ö¯Z±`¥Î·µ^¦ñ«µ¡A¥ç¦³µ²¥L¡B¿ûµ^¤Î¤@¨Ç²³æªº¼Ö¾¹ |
°Û¸Ö¯Z¦ñ«µ¥i¥Î¥ô¦ó¼Ö¾¹¡A¿ûµ^¸û±`¥Î |
°Û¸Ö¯Z¨S¦³¼Ö¾¹¦ñ«µ |
¯«Â¾¤Hûµ²±B |
¤@¤Á¯«Â¾¤Hû³£¤£±oµ²±B¡]ªF»ö¤Ñ¥D±Ð·|°£¥~¡^ |
- ±Ð¤h¤]¬O¤Z¤H¡A©Ò¥H¥i¥H¨É¦³¤Z¤H¤§¤@¤Á¥¿±`¥Í¬¡¡A¥]¬A±B«Ã
- ¨k¶Ç¹D¤Hµ´¤j¦h¼Æ¶·¤w±B¤~¥i³Q«ö¥ß¬°ªª®v¡A¤kªº¶·¥¼±B
|
- ¡]¤@»¡¡^¤¹³\°£¥D±Ð¥H¥~ªº¤@¤Á¯«Â¾¤Hûµ²±B
- ¡]¥t»¡¡^¥u¤¹³\¥Õ¯««~ªº¯«Â¾¤Hûµ²±B¡A±B«á¤£¯à¤É¥ô¥D±Ð
|
¯««~ |
- ù°¨¤Ñ¥D±Ð·|¡G¥H±ë¸¦©£Ã¹°¨±Ð§Ê¬°»â¾É¤¤¤ß¡A¦³¥ô©R¦U¦a¥D±ÐªºÅv¤O¡C¤À¬°¤C«~¡G¥qªùû¡£¤@«~¡¤¡B»w¸gû¡£¤G«~¡¤¡BÅXÅ]û¡£¤T«~¡¤¡BÁ¸Â§û¡£¥|«~¡¤¡B°Æ§U²½¡£¤«~¡¤¡B§U²½¡£¤»«~¡¤©M¥D±Ð¡£¤C«~¡¤¡A¥D±Ð«~¦ì¤S¤À¬°±Ð©v¡þ±Ð¬Ó¡B¼Ï¾÷¥D±Ð¡þ¬õ¦ç¥D±Ð¡B©v¥D±Ð¡B¤j¥D±Ð©M¤@¯ë¥D±Ð
- ªF»ö±Ð·|¡G¦³¦Ûªvªº©v¥D±Ð¨î
|
- ¡i¸t¤½©v¡j¥D±Ð¨î¡G¥D±Ð¬°±Ð°Ïº¸£¡A¤U³]·|ªø©M·|¦O¡A¦U±Ð°Ï¥D±Ð²Õ´¥D±Ð¹Î¡A¶°Åé»â¾É¤j±Ð°Ï¡]©Î°ê®a¡^ªº±Ð°È
- ¡i¥[º¸¤å©v¡jªø¦Ñ¨î¡G¥Ñ«H®{¿ïÁ|ªø¦ÑºÞ²z±Ð·|¡Aªø¦Ñ¸u¥ô©Î©e¥ôªª®v°õ¦æ±Ð·|¨Æ°È
- ¡i¤½²z©v¡B®û«H©v¡B°ò·þ·|µ¥¡j¤½²z¨î¡G¦U±Ð°óªº«H®{ª½±µºÞ²z±Ð·|¡B¸u¥ôªª®v¡B¨M©w¥»±Ð°óÅé¨î©M§»öµ¥¡A±Ð°ó¤§¶¡¦U¦Û¿W¥ß
- ¾¦ì¦³ªª®v¡þªªªÌ¡B¶Ç¹D¤H¡B«Å±Ð¤h¡Bªø¦Ñ¡B°õ¨Æ¡B·|¦O¡B±Ð·|·F¨Æ¡B¦UÃþ¦P¤u¡B±Ð®v¡B¾É®v¡B¦UÃþ¬£§O¸q¤u¡B±Ð·|¾÷ºc¦P¤uµ¥µ¥
|
¹ê¦æªªº¨î¡A¯««~¤À¶Â¥Õ¨âºØ¡G
- ¶Â¯««~¦³×¤h¡Bפh»²²½¡Bפh¤j»²²½¡Bפh²½¥q¡Bפh¤j²½¥q¡B¥D±Ð¡B¤j¥D±Ð¡B·þ¥D±Ð¡£ªªº¬£¾n°ê¥~±Ð°Ï¥Nªí¡¤¡B³£¥D±Ð¡Bªªº
- ¥Õ¯««~¦³»w¸g¤h¡B°Æ»²²½¡B»²²½¡B¤j»²²½¡B¥q²½¡B¤j¥q²½¡B¥q²½ªøµ¥
|
±Ð¾ä |
®æ¦C¾äªk¡þ¤½¾ä |
®æ¦C¾äªk¡þ¤½¾ä |
¾§²¤¾äªk¡þ¾ä |
±Ð°ó«Ø¿v¡B§G¸m |
- ù°¨¦¡¡A©Îô¼w¦¡
- ¸t¾Â¤¤¥¡±¾C¿q°v¤Q¦r¬[¹³¡þW¹³¡A¨â®Ç¤@Ãä±¾¸t¥À¡A¥t¤@Ãä±¾¸tY·æ
- ±Ð°ó©ñ¦³¦¨±ÆªºªøªO¹¹¡A¨Ñ¬èëªÌ¸÷§¤
|
- (?) µL¯S©w±Ð°ó«Ø¿v
- ¸t¾Â¤¤¥¡±¾¤Q¦r¬[¡A©P³òÀð¤W¤£±¾µe¹³
- ¡i³¡¥÷«H¸q©v¡j±Ð°ó¤¤±¾¦³¦]¤£¦P¸`´Á¦Ó¦³¤£¦PÃC¦âªººX¼m¤Î¹Ï¹³
- ¡i¸t¤½·|¡j¸t¾Â¤¤¥¡±¾C¿q°v¤Q¦r¬[¹³¡þW¹³
|
- «ô¥e®x¦¡¡A©Î´µ©Ô¤Ò¦¡
- ¸t¾Â¤¤¥¡±¾¦³¸t¹³¡A¥|©P«h±¾¸t®{µe¹³
- ±Ð°ó¤£Â\§¤´È¡A°Ñ¥[ªÌ¥u¯à¯¸¥ß
|
¥Dn¦¬¤J¨Ó·½ |
- ª«·~¦¬¤J
- §ë¸ê¦^³ø
- «H²³¦Û¥Ñ®½Äm
- ×·|ªº®½Äm
|
- ¤°¤@¡þ¤Q¤@©^Äm(tithing)¡G«H®{§â¨C¤ë¦¬¤Jªº¤Q¤À¤§¤@©^Ämµ¹±Ð·|
- ¦b°ê±Ð¬°¸ô¼w·|ªº¦è¼Ú°ê®a¡]¦p²üÄõ¡B¼w°ê¡^·|¦³µ|¦¬
- ¥Xª©®ÑÄy¡B¼vµ²£«~µ¥¦¬¤J
|
- °]¹Î®½Äm
- «Xù´µ¹ï±Ð·|ÄݤUªº°Ó·~¾÷ºc(¥]¬A·Ï°s¶T©ö)¹ê¬I¦Ê¤À¦Ê§Kµ|Àu´f
|